harbour channel

n. [cu]

1 (naut.) porto: a natural [artificial] harbour, un porto naturale [artificiale]

2 (fig.) porto; asilo; rifugio

3 ( di un selvatico) tana

● harbour basin, bacino del porto □ harbour channel, canale portuale □ harbour dues, diritti portuali □ harbour engineering, ingegneria portuale □ harbour master, capitano del porto □ harbour office, capitaneria di porto □ harbour workers, (lavoratori) portuali □ harbour works, opere portuali.

A v. t.

1 albergare; alloggiare; ospitare

2 dare ricetto a; proteggere: to harbour a criminal, dare ricetto a un criminale

3 (fig.) covare, nutrire (fig.): to harbour a grudge, nutrire rancore; covare un risentimento

B v. i. (arc.)

1 (naut.) entrare in porto; gettare l'ancora (in un porto)

2 (fig.) rifugiarsi; trovare asilo.

[fəˈsɪlɪtɪ]

athletic facilities спортивные сооружения auxiliary facility дополнительная возможность backstop facility согласие предоставить помощь borrowing facility возможность получения займа borrowing facility возможность получения кредита borrowing facility at national bank возможность получения займа в национальном банке browse facilities вчт. средства обеспечения просмотра change facility вчт. средство модификации communication facilities вчт. средства связи compare facility вчт. устройство сравнения comprehensive facilities вчт. развитые возможности computer facility вчт. вычислительный центр computing facilities вычислительные средства credit facility возможность получения кредита credit facility источник кредитования credit facility against invoice кредит против счета-фактуры credit-drawing facility возможность получения кредита debugging facilities вчт. средства отладки debugging facilities вчт. средство отладки disaster facilities вчт. средства аварийного резерва documentation facilities вчт. средства документирования drawing facility тиражное оборудование drop-in facility служба помощи без предварительной записи (оказывает помощь алкоголикам, наркоманам, бездомным) explanation facilities вчт. средства обоснования facility (обыкн. pl) возможности, благоприятные условия; льготы; facilities for study благоприятные условия для учебы facility (обыкн. pl) возможности, благоприятные условия; льготы; facilities for study благоприятные условия для учебы facility гибкость (ума) facility доступность facility легкость, плавность (речи) facility легкость; отсутствие препятствий и помех facility легкость facility льгота facility оборудование, средства, устройства, аппаратура facility pl оборудование; приспособления; аппаратура; mechanical facilities технические приспособления facility объект или сооружение facility податливость, уступчивость facility производственные мощности facility способность facility pl средства обслуживания; удобства facility удобство facility устройство facility of access доступность (для осмотра, смазки станка и т. п.) financing facility финансовые средства financing facility финансовые услуги format facilities вчт. средства форматирования generalized facilities вчт. универсальные средства harbour facility портовые возможности help facilities вчт. средства подсказки hold facilities вчт. средства сохранения данных information facility информационная служба inquiry facility справочная служба interactive facilities вчт. интерактивные устройства lending facility услуги по кредитованию library facilities вчт. библиотечные средства load facilities вчт. устройство загрузки management facilities вчт. средства управления management facilities вчт. средство управления facility pl оборудование; приспособления; аппаратура; mechanical facilities технические приспособления multiple-channel facilities вчт. многоканальные системы обслуживания multiple-channel facility вчт. многоканальная система обслуживания original facility вчт. оригинальные средства overdraft facility источник контокоррентного кредита overdraft facility источник кредита по текущему счету overdraft facility предоставление контокоррентного кредита overdraft facility предоставление кредита по текущему счету payment facility платежный механизм payment facility средство платежа peripheral facilities вчт. периферийное оборудование port facility порт query facilities вчт. средства поиска security facilities вчт. средства защиты service facility вчт. канал обслуживания service facility вчт. обслуживающее устройство service facility обслуживающее устройство service facility вчт. одноканальная система массовогобслуживания stand-by facility резервная промышленная установка stand-by facility резервное техническое средство stand-by facility резервный кредит subsidized financing facility финансовая субсидия supplementary financing facility (SFF) система дополнительного финансирования test facilities вчт. испытательное оборудование trace facility вчт. средства трассировки transferable loan facility (TLF) обращающийся кредит transport facility транспортное средство user interface facilities вчт. средства взаимодействия с пользователем vacant facility вчт. свободное сбслуживающее устройство watch facilities вчт. средства наблюдения

1) (the opening in the head by which a human or animal eats and speaks or makes noises: What has the baby got in its mouth?) boca

2) (the opening or entrance eg of a bottle, river etc: the mouth of the harbour.) desembocadura, boca, entrada

- mouthful

mouth n boca

tr[ (n) maʊɵ; (vb) maʊð]

noun

1 SMALLANATOMY/SMALL boca

2 (of river) desembocadura; (of bottle) boca; (of tunnel, cave) boca, entrada

3 (person to feed) boca

transitive verb

1 pejorative (say - without sincerity) decir; (- without understanding) recitar, repetir

■ he mouthed a few platitudes about charity nos dijo algunos lugares comunes sobre la caridad

2 (say without making sound) decir con los labios

■ he just mouthed the words, he didn't sing simplemente movía los labios, no cantaba

intransitive verb

1 (speak without making sound) mover los labios

\

by word of mouth de palabra

down in the mouth deprimido,-a

not to open one's mouth no abrir la boca, no decir ni pío, no decir esta boca es mía

shut your mouth! ¡cierra el pico!

to be all mouth ser un fantasma

to have a big mouth ser un bocazas

to keep one's mouth shut mantener la boca cerrada, no decir nada

to make somebody's mouth water hacerse a alguien la boca agua

mouth organ armónica

mouth ['maʊð] vt

1) : decir con poca sinceridad, repetir sin comprensión

2) : articular en silencio

she mouthed the words: formó las palabras con los labios

mouth ['maʊɵ] n

: boca f (de una persona o un animal), entrada f (de un túnel), desembocadura f (de un río)

• boca s.f.

• boquilla s.f.

• desembocadura s.f.

• desembocadura de un río s.f.

• embocadero s.m.

• embocadura s.f.

• labio s.m.

• pico s.m.

noun (pl mouths maʊðz)

1) (of person, animal) boca f

2) ( of bottle) boca f; (of tunnel, cave) entrada f; ( of river) desembocadura f

a) ( silently)

b) ( say) (pej) decir*

- mouth off

- he's all mouth and

- be down in the mouth

- shoot one's mouth off

- keep one's mouth shut

- stop sb's mouth

- watch your mouth!

- put words into sb's mouth

[maʊð]

[maʊθ]

* * *

noun (pl mouths [maʊðz])

1) (of person, animal) boca f

2) ( of bottle) boca f; (of tunnel, cave) entrada f; ( of river) desembocadura f

a) ( silently)

b) ( say) (pej) decir*

- mouth off

noun (ships taken as a whole: The harbour was full of shipping.) flota

tr['ʃɪpɪŋ]

noun

1 (business) transporte nombre masculino (en barco); (sending) envío, embarque nombre masculino

2 (ships) barcos nombre masculino plural, buques nombre masculino plural, embarcaciones nombre femenino plural; (of one country) flota; (tonnage) tonelaje nombre masculino (de buques)

\

shipping agent consignatario,-a, agente nombre masulino o femenino marítimo,-a

shipping charge gastos nombre masculino plural de envío, gastos nombre masculino plural de expedición

shipping company empresa naviera

shipping forecast parte nombre masculino meteorológico para marineros

shipping lane ruta de navegación

shipping line compañía naviera

shipping magnate magnate nombre masulino o femenino de la navegación

shipping ['ʃɪpɪŋ] n

1) ships: barcos mpl, embarcaciones fpl

2) transportation: transporte m (de mercancías)

• marítimo, -a adj.

• naval adj.

• naviero, -a adj.

• despacho s.m.

• embarque s.m.

• envío (TRA, LOG) s.m.

• expedición s.f.

• flota s.f.

• marina s.f.

• navegación s.f.

a) ( ships) barcos mpl, embarcaciones fpl (frml); (before n) <lane, route> de navegación

b) ( transportation of freight) transporte m

1. N

1) (=ships) barcos mpl, buques mpl ; (=fleet) flota f

2) (=transporting) transporte m (en barco), embarque m ; (=sending) envío m

* * *

a) ( ships) barcos mpl, embarcaciones fpl (frml); (before n) <lane, route> de navegación

b) ( transportation of freight) transporte m

sail [seɪl]

1. noun

   a. [of boat] voile f

• under sail à la voile

• to set sail prendre la mer

• to set sail for partir pour

• he set sail from Dover il est parti de Douvres en bateau

   b. ( = trip) to go for a sail faire un tour en bateau

2. intransitive verb

   a. [boat] the ship sails at 3 o'clock le navire part à 3 heures

• the boat sailed up the river le bateau remonta la rivière

• the ship sailed into Cadiz le bateau entra dans le port de Cadix

   b. [person] he goes sailing every weekend il fait de la voile tous les week-ends

• to sail away partir en bateau

• to sail round the world faire le tour du monde en bateau

• to sail close to the wind ( = take a risk) jouer un jeu dangereux ; (when joking) friser la vulgarité

• we sailed into Southampton nous sommes entrés dans le port de Southampton

   c. (figurative) she sailed into the room (inf) elle est entrée dans la pièce d'un pas nonchalant

• the plate sailed past my head and hit the door l'assiette est passée à côté de ma tête et a heurté la porte

3. transitive verb

   a. [+ ocean] he sailed the Atlantic last year l'année dernière il a fait la traversée de l'Atlantique en bateau

   b. [+ boat] she sailed her boat into the harbour elle est entrée dans le port (en bateau)

• he sailed his boat round the cape il a doublé le cap

• I've never sailed a boat like this before je n'avais jamais navigué sur ce genre de bateau

► sail through (inf)

1. intransitive verb

2. inseparable transitive verb

• to sail through one's driving test avoir son permis de conduire haut la main

• he sailed through the match il a gagné le match haut la main

* * *

1) ( on boat) voile f

2) ( navigation)

3) ( on windmill) aile f

4) ( journey)

transitive verb

1) ( be in charge of) piloter [ship]; ( steer) manœuvrer [ship]

2) ( travel across) traverser [quelque chose] en bateau [ocean, channel]

3) ( own) avoir [yacht]

1) ( travel) voyager en bateau

2) ( move across water) [ship]

3) ( set sail) prendre la mer

4) ( as hobby) faire de la voile

5) ( move smoothly)

•

- sail through

••

abs

1) be ready to sail быть готовым к отплытию; when does the ship sail?, when do we sail? когда отходит /отплывает/ [наш] пароход?

2) the "Aquitania" is one of the largest ships that sails "Аквитания" один из самых больших пароходов; the boys are learning to sail мальчики учатся грести или плавать на парусниках /ходить под парусами/ и т.д.; let's go sailing пойдем кататься на лодке или на яхте и т.п.

1) sail at some time sail tomorrow (next week, weekly, at dawn, at midnight, etc.) отплывать /отправляться/ завтра и т.д.; sailin some direction sail homeward (west, суй, northward's), southward's), etc.) плыть /направляться/ к дому и т.д.; will she sail direct? пароход пойдет прямо туда?

2) sail in some manner sail quickly (quietly, gracefully, majestically, etc.) плыть /плавать/ быстро и т.д.; this boat is sailing too slowly (swiftly) эта [парусная] лодка плывет слишком медленно (быстро); the new yacht sails well (heavily, fast, etc.) новая яхта хорошо и т.д. идет, у новой яхты хороший и т.д. ход; sail at full speed идти /плыть/ полным ходом; sail some where wild ducks were sailing by мимо проплывали дикие утки; sail on плыть дальше; sail back приплывать обратно

1) sail a ship (one's own yacht, a bark, etc.) управлять судном и т.д., плавать на судне и т.д., вести корабль и т.д.; can you sail a boat? вы умеете управлять лодкой?

2) sail the seas (the Pacific, the oceans, etc.) плавать по морям и т.д., бороздить моря и т.д.; he's been sailing the seas for years он провел много лет в плаваниях; sail the sky (the air) плыть в небе (в воздухе); one day we sailed 150 miles, another 200 miles один день мы проплыли сто пятьдесят миль, другой sail двести

1) sail from some place sail from London (from New York, from the port, etc.) отплывать /отправляться/ из Лондона и т.д.; sail back from Europe возвращаться пароходом из Европы; sail for /to/ some place sail for Europe (to America, to Lisbon, for home, etc.) отплывать /отправляться/ в Европу и т.д.; sail into smth. sail into the port прийти /войти/ в порт; sail into harbour войти в гавань; sail from some place to /for /some place sail from Liverpool to New York (from Europe for home, etc.) отплывать /отправляться/ из Ливерпуля в Нью-Йорк и т.д.; sail in some time the "Lusitania" sailed on her last voyage in May 1915 "Луситейния" вышла в свой последний рейс в мае тысяча девятьсот пятнадцатого года; sail on Sunday (at 2 p.m., in the morning, etc.) отплывать в воскресенье и т.д.; sail on smth. sail on the "Queen Магу" (on the "Argosy", on the "Empress of Japan", etc.) отплывать на пароходе "Куин Мэри" и т.д.; sail by smth. I sail tomorrow by the Cunard line я отплываю завтра пароходом Кьюнардской компании

2) sail on smth. boats sail on the water по воде плывут /снуют/ лодки; he used to sail on the Thames a good deal as a boy когда он был мальчишкой, он много плавал по Темзе; sail in smth. sail in a steamer плавать на корабле; sail in a boat кататься на лодке: sail down (up, across, etc.) smth. sail down (up) the river плыть вниз (вверх) по реке; sail about the lake плавать по озеру; sail along the coast плавать вдоль побережья; sail across the Indian Ocean (across the Atlantic, etc.) пересечь Индийский и т.д. океан; sail through the Channel пройти /проплыть/ Ла-Манш; sail round a cape обогнуть мыс; sail round the world совершить кругосветное плавание; sail past smth. проплывать мимо чего-л.; the moon (a glider, a kite, the airship, etc.) sails across /over, through/ the sky луна и т.д. плывет по небу; a large bird sailed over our heads большая птица парила у вас над головами; sail by smth. sail by the chart (by the compass, by the stars, etc.) плыть по карте и т.д.; sail under smth. sail under the American flag (under British colours, etc.) плавать под американским и т.д. флагом || sail with the wind идти /плыть/ с попутным ветром; sail against the wind идти /плыть/ претив ветра

3) sail into (along, etc.) smth. sail along the passage плыть /шествовать/ по коридору; the duchess,into the room герцогиня, важно выступая, вошла /вплыла/ в комнату

n, pl

SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines

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As a boy, Smeaton showed mechanical ability, making for himself a number of tools and models. This practical skill was backed by a sound education, probably at Leeds Grammar School. At the age of 16 he entered his father's office; he seemed set to follow his father's profession in the law. In 1742 he went to London to continue his legal studies, but he preferred instead, with his father's reluctant permission, to set up as a scientific instrument maker and dealer and opened a shop of his own in 1748. About this time he began attending meetings of the Royal Society and presented several papers on instruments and mechanical subjects, being elected a Fellow in 1753. His interests were turning towards engineering but were informed by scientific principles grounded in careful and accurate observation.

In 1755 the second Eddystone lighthouse, on a reef some 14 miles (23 km) off the English coast at Plymouth, was destroyed by fire. The President of the Royal Society was consulted as to a suitable engineer to undertake the task of constructing a new one, and he unhesitatingly suggested Smeaton. Work began in 1756 and was completed in three years to produce the first great wave-swept stone lighthouse. It was constructed of Portland stone blocks, shaped and pegged both together and to the base rock, and bonded by hydraulic cement, scientifically developed by Smeaton. It withstood the storms of the English Channel for over a century, but by 1876 erosion of the rock had weakened the structure and a replacement had to be built. The upper portion of Smeaton's lighthouse was re-erected on a suitable base on Plymouth Hoe, leaving the original base portion on the reef as a memorial to the engineer.

The Eddystone lighthouse made Smeaton's reputation and from then on he was constantly in demand as a consultant in all kinds of engineering projects. He carried out a number himself, notably the 38 mile (61 km) long Forth and Clyde canal with thirty-nine locks, begun in 1768 but for financial reasons not completed until 1790. In 1774 he took charge of the Ramsgate Harbour works.

On the mechanical side, Smeaton undertook a systematic study of water-and windmills, to determine the design and construction to achieve the greatest power output. This work issued forth as the paper "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills" and exerted a considerable influence on mill design during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1753 and 1790 Smeaton constructed no fewer than forty-four mills.

Meanwhile, in 1756 he had returned to Austhorpe, which continued to be his home base for the rest of his life. In 1767, as a result of the disappointing performance of an engine he had been involved with at New River Head, Islington, London, Smeaton began his important study of the steam-engine. Smeaton was the first to apply scientific principles to the steam-engine and achieved the most notable improvements in its efficiency since its invention by Newcomen, until its radical overhaul by James Watt. To compare the performance of engines quantitatively, he introduced the concept of "duty", i.e. the weight of water that could be raised 1 ft (30 cm) while burning one bushel (84 lb or 38 kg) of coal. The first engine to embody his improvements was erected at Long Benton colliery in Northumberland in 1772, with a duty of 9.45 million pounds, compared to the best figure obtained previously of 7.44 million pounds. One source of heat loss he attributed to inaccurate boring of the cylinder, which he was able to improve through his close association with Carron Ironworks near Falkirk, Scotland.

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SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Civil engineering

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After an apprenticeship with the Severn Navigation, of which his father was Chief Engineer, Williams was engaged as Assistant Engineer on the Great Northern Railway, Resident Engineer at Shoreham Harbour and Engineer to the contractors for the Admiralty Pier at Dover. In 1856 he was appointed Engineer to the River Weaver Trust, and among the improvements he made was the introduction of the Anderton barge lift linking the Weaver and the Trent and Mersey Canal. After rejecting the proposal of a flight of locks he considered that barges might be lifted and lowered by hydraulic means. Various designs were submitted and the final choice fell on one by Edwin Clark that had two troughs counterbalancing each other through pistons. Movement of the troughs was initiated by introducing excess water into the upper trough to lift the lower. The work was carried out by Clark.

In 1872 Williams became Engineer to the Bridgewater Navigation, enlarging the locks at Runcorn and introducing steam propulsion on the canal. He later examined the possibility of upgrading the Mersey \& Irwell Navigation to a Ship Canal. In 1882 his proposals to the Provisional Committee of the proposed Manchester Ship Canal were accepted. His scheme was to use the Mersey Channel as far as Eastham and then construct a lock canal from there to Manchester. He was appointed Chief Engineer of the undertaking.

The canal's construction was a major engineering work during which Williams overcame many difficulties. He used the principle of the troughs on the Anderton lift as a guide for the construction of the Barton swing aqueduct, which replaced Brindley's original masonry aqueduct on the Bridgewater Canal. The first sod was cut at Eastham on 11 November 1887 and the lower portion of the canal was used for traffic in September 1891. The canal was opened to sea-borne traffic on 1 January 1894 and was formally opened by Queen Victoria on 21 May 1894. In acknowledgement of his work, a knighthood was conferred on him. He continued as Consulting Engineer until ill health forced his retirement.

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